Fall rates are high among older people, even in the healthy population. This has led researchers to study how an aging foot may affect ambulatory function and increase the risk of falls.
The study took healthy volunteers aged 60-80 years who were independent in self-care and walking were recruited from urban Bangkok. Trained physicians evaluated health status, foot problems, and fall(s) history of all subjects. Walking performance was assessed using the 'Timed Get Up & Go' test and 6-m walking speed. Footprints were taken from the standing position. Foot dimensions and footwear were also measured by certified orthotists. Associated factors of foot disorders and falls were analyzed.
The results from the 213 subjects (108 men, 105 women with an average age of 68 years) showed that foot deformities were present in 87% of the participants and were not significantly associated with walking performance or falls. Foot pain was found in 14% with a male:female ratio of 1:4. The causes of pain were plantar fasciitis, hallux valgus, callus, metatarsalgia, and inappropriate footwear. Subjects with foot pain had slower walking speed and falls were reported in about 30% of women and 13% of men.
The analysis showed that fall risk factors were female gender, plantar fasciitis, and knee osteoarthritis. The study also showed that visual deficits were associated with falls in women, and impaired foot protective sensation was associated with falls in men.
The conclusion of the study shows that aging foot deformities were common and were mostly asymptomatic. Foot pain, especially from plantar fasciitis, increased risk of falls in healthy older persons. Podiatrists play an important role in fall prevention and can help prevent falls by proper foot assessment, foot pain management, and proper footwear.
(Reference: “Foot Disorders and Falls in Older Persons.” Chaiwanichsiri D, Janchai S, Tantisiriwat N. Gerontology. 2008 Dec 3.)
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